# Homebrew 快速参考

*包管理、Cask、Tap、服务、清理*

> Source: Homebrew Documentation (brew.sh) · MIT

## 安装

### 安装 Homebrew

```
/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL \
  https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"
brew --version       # verify installation
```

### 安装后配置（Apple Silicon）

```
# add Homebrew to PATH (Apple Silicon default)
echo 'eval "$(/opt/homebrew/bin/brew shellenv)"' \
  >> ~/.zprofile
eval "$(/opt/homebrew/bin/brew shellenv)"
```

### 安装路径

| Command | Description |
|---------|-------------|
| `/opt/homebrew` | Apple Silicon（ARM）前缀 |
| `/usr/local` | Intel Mac 前缀 |
| `/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew` | Linux 前缀 |

## 包管理

### 安装与卸载

```
brew install git           # install formula
brew install git@2.40      # install specific version
brew uninstall git         # remove formula
brew reinstall git         # reinstall formula
```

### 更新与升级

```
brew update                # update Homebrew itself
brew upgrade               # upgrade all packages
brew upgrade git           # upgrade specific package
brew pin git               # prevent auto-upgrade
brew unpin git             # allow upgrade again
```

### 列出已安装

```
brew list                  # all installed formulae
brew list --cask           # all installed casks
brew leaves                # top-level (not dependencies)
brew deps git              # show dependencies of git
```

## 搜索与信息

### 查找包

```
brew search postgres       # search by name
brew search --cask chrome  # search casks only
brew info git              # package details
brew home git              # open homepage in browser
```

### 信息字段

| Command | Description |
|---------|-------------|
| `Name / Version` | 包名与已安装版本 |
| `Dependencies` | 依赖的包 |
| `Conflicts` | 不能共存的包 |
| `Caveats` | 安装后注意事项（PATH、配置） |
| `Analytics` | 安装次数（近 30/90/365 天） |

## 服务管理

### 管理服务

```
brew services list             # all services + status
brew services start postgresql # start and auto-launch
brew services stop postgresql  # stop service
brew services restart nginx    # restart service
brew services run redis        # start without auto-launch
```

### 服务说明

| Command | Description |
|---------|-------------|
| `start` | 立即启动并注册开机自启 |
| `run` | 仅立即启动（不自启） |
| `stop` | 停止并取消自启注册 |
| `restart` | 先停止再启动 |
| `list` | 显示所有服务及状态 |
| `Logs` | 查看 `~/Library/Logs/Homebrew/` |

## Cask

### GUI 应用管理

```
brew install --cask firefox      # install GUI app
brew uninstall --cask firefox     # remove GUI app
brew upgrade --cask               # upgrade all casks
brew list --cask                  # list installed casks
```

### 常用 Cask

| Command | Description |
|---------|-------------|
| `google-chrome` | Chrome 浏览器 |
| `visual-studio-code` | VS Code 编辑器 |
| `docker` | Docker Desktop |
| `iterm2` | iTerm2 终端 |
| `slack` | Slack 通讯 |
| `rectangle` | 窗口管理 |
| `1password` | 密码管理器 |
| `raycast` | 启动器（Spotlight 替代） |

## Tap

### 第三方仓库

```
brew tap                         # list tapped repos
brew tap hashicorp/tap           # add a tap
brew untap hashicorp/tap         # remove a tap
brew install hashicorp/tap/terraform  # install from tap
```

### 常用 Tap

| Command | Description |
|---------|-------------|
| `homebrew/cask` | GUI 应用（默认包含） |
| `homebrew/cask-fonts` | 字体：`brew install --cask font-fira-code` |
| `homebrew/bundle` | Brewfile 支持（Homebrew 的 Bundler） |
| `hashicorp/tap` | Terraform、Vault、Consul |

### Brewfile（Bundle）

```
brew bundle dump               # generate Brewfile
brew bundle install            # install from Brewfile
brew bundle cleanup            # remove unlisted packages
```

## 清理

### 释放磁盘空间

```
brew cleanup                 # remove old versions
brew cleanup -s              # also remove cache
brew cleanup --prune=all     # remove all cached downloads
brew autoremove              # remove unused dependencies
```

### 诊断

```
brew doctor                  # check for issues
brew config                  # show Homebrew config
brew missing                 # list missing dependencies
du -sh $(brew --cache)       # check cache size
```

## 常用模式

### 日常工作流

| Command | Description |
|---------|-------------|
| `每日更新` | `brew update && brew upgrade && brew cleanup` |
| `新 Mac 初始化` | 从 Brewfile 执行 `brew bundle install` |
| `导出配置` | `brew bundle dump --file=~/Brewfile` |
| `健康检查` | `brew doctor` |
| `查看占用空间` | `brew list --formula \| xargs brew info` |
| `卸载含依赖` | `brew uninstall pkg && brew autoremove` |

### Brewfile 示例

```
# ~/Brewfile
tap "homebrew/bundle"
brew "git"
brew "node"
brew "python"
cask "visual-studio-code"
cask "docker"
```