# Referensi Cepat WordPress *Tema, hook, query, REST API, custom post type* > Source: WordPress Developer Resources (developer.wordpress.org) ยท MIT ## Dasar Tema ### File yang Diperlukan | Command | Description | |---------|-------------| | `style.css` | Header metadata tema + gaya | | `index.php` | Template fallback (wajib) | | `functions.php` | Pengaturan tema, hook, enqueue | | `screenshot.png` | Pratinjau tema (1200x900) | ### Header style.css ``` /* Theme Name: My Theme Theme URI: https://example.com Version: 1.0 Requires at least: 6.0 */ ``` ### Pengaturan functions.php ``` add_action('after_setup_theme', function() { add_theme_support('title-tag'); add_theme_support('post-thumbnails'); add_theme_support('html5', ['search-form', 'gallery']); register_nav_menus(['primary' => 'Main Nav']); }); ``` ## Hierarki Template ### Template Halaman | Command | Description | |---------|-------------| | `front-page.php` | Halaman depan statis | | `home.php` | Indeks posting blog | | `single.php` | Posting tunggal | | `page.php` | Halaman tunggal | | `archive.php` | Arsip posting (tanggal, kategori) | | `category.php` | Arsip kategori | | `search.php` | Hasil pencarian | | `404.php` | Tidak ditemukan | | `index.php` | Fallback terakhir | ### Bagian Template ``` get_header(); // header.php get_footer(); // footer.php get_sidebar(); // sidebar.php get_template_part('parts/card'); // parts/card.php get_template_part('parts/card', 'featured'); ``` ### Urutan Pencarian (Posting Tunggal) | Command | Description | |---------|-------------| | `1` | single-{post_type}-{slug}.php | | `2` | single-{post_type}.php | | `3` | single.php | | `4` | singular.php | | `5` | index.php | ## The Loop ### Loop Standar ```

``` ### Tag Template | Command | Description | |---------|-------------| | `the_title()` | Cetak judul posting | | `the_content()` | Cetak konten posting | | `the_excerpt()` | Cetak ringkasan posting | | `the_permalink()` | Cetak URL posting | | `the_post_thumbnail()` | Cetak gambar unggulan | | `the_date()` | Cetak tanggal terbit | | `the_author()` | Cetak nama penulis | | `the_category()` | Cetak tautan kategori | ### Getter (Mengembalikan, Bukan Mencetak) ``` $title = get_the_title(); $url = get_permalink(); $id = get_the_ID(); $thumb = get_the_post_thumbnail_url(null, 'medium'); ``` ## Custom Post Type ### Mendaftarkan CPT ``` add_action('init', function() { register_post_type('product', [ 'labels' => ['name' => 'Products', 'singular_name' => 'Product'], 'public' => true, 'has_archive' => true, 'supports' => ['title', 'editor', 'thumbnail'], ]); }); ``` ### Taksonomi Kustom ``` register_taxonomy('brand', 'product', [ 'labels' => ['name' => 'Brands'], 'hierarchical' => true, 'rewrite' => ['slug' => 'brand'], ]); ``` ### Opsi Supports | Command | Description | |---------|-------------| | `title` | Kolom judul posting | | `editor` | Editor konten | | `thumbnail` | Gambar unggulan | | `excerpt` | Kolom ringkasan | | `custom-fields` | Meta box untuk field kustom | | `page-attributes` | Urutan menu, induk | | `revisions` | Riwayat revisi | ## Hook dan Filter ### Action (Lakukan Sesuatu) ``` // Daftarkan hook add_action('wp_head', 'my_analytics', 20); function my_analytics() { echo ''; } ``` ### Filter (Modifikasi Data) ``` // Ubah panjang ringkasan add_filter('excerpt_length', fn() => 30); // Tambahkan teks ke setiap posting add_filter('the_content', function($c) { return is_single() ? $c . '

Terima kasih telah membaca!

' : $c; }); ``` ### Hook Utama | Command | Description | |---------|-------------| | `init` | WP terinisialisasi; daftarkan CPT di sini | | `wp_enqueue_scripts` | Enqueue CSS/JS | | `wp_head` | Output di | | `wp_footer` | Output sebelum | | `save_post` | Setelah posting disimpan | | `pre_get_posts` | Modifikasi query utama sebelum eksekusi | | `the_content` | Filter output konten posting | | `the_title` | Filter output judul posting | ## WP_Query ### Query Kustom ``` $q = new WP_Query([ 'post_type' => 'product', 'posts_per_page' => 10, 'orderby' => 'date', 'order' => 'DESC', ]); while ($q->have_posts()) : $q->the_post(); the_title('

', '

'); endwhile; wp_reset_postdata(); ``` ### Parameter Umum | Command | Description | |---------|-------------| | `post_type` | post, page, atau tipe kustom | | `posts_per_page` | Jumlah hasil (-1 untuk semua) | | `category_name` | Filter berdasarkan slug kategori | | `tag` | Filter berdasarkan slug tag | | `s` | Kata kunci pencarian | | `meta_key / meta_value` | Filter berdasarkan field kustom | | `tax_query` | Filter taksonomi tingkat lanjut | | `date_query` | Filter berdasarkan rentang tanggal | ### Modifikasi Query Utama ``` add_action('pre_get_posts', function($q) { if (!is_admin() && $q->is_main_query() && is_home()) { $q->set('posts_per_page', 5); } }); ``` ## REST API ### Endpoint Bawaan | Command | Description | |---------|-------------| | `/wp-json/wp/v2/posts` | Daftar / buat posting | | `/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/{id}` | Ambil / perbarui / hapus posting | | `/wp-json/wp/v2/pages` | Endpoint halaman | | `/wp-json/wp/v2/categories` | Endpoint kategori | | `/wp-json/wp/v2/media` | Perpustakaan media | | `/wp-json/wp/v2/users` | Endpoint pengguna | ### Endpoint Kustom ``` add_action('rest_api_init', function() { register_rest_route('myplugin/v1', '/items', [ 'methods' => 'GET', 'callback' => fn($req) => new WP_REST_Response( get_posts(['post_type' => 'item', 'numberposts' => 20]) ), 'permission_callback' => '__return_true', ]); }); ``` ### Fetch dari JavaScript ``` const res = await fetch('/wp-json/wp/v2/posts?per_page=5'); const posts = await res.json(); posts.forEach(p => console.log(p.title.rendered)); ``` ## Fungsi ### Fungsi Posting | Command | Description | |---------|-------------| | `get_posts($args)` | Ambil array posting | | `wp_insert_post($arr)` | Buat atau perbarui posting | | `wp_delete_post($id)` | Pindahkan ke sampah atau hapus posting | | `get_post_meta($id, $key)` | Ambil nilai field kustom | | `update_post_meta($id, $k, $v)` | Set nilai field kustom | ### Pengguna dan Autentikasi | Command | Description | |---------|-------------| | `wp_get_current_user()` | Pengguna yang sedang login | | `is_user_logged_in()` | Periksa status login | | `current_user_can($cap)` | Periksa kemampuan | | `wp_create_nonce($action)` | Buat nonce keamanan | | `wp_verify_nonce($nonce, $a)` | Verifikasi nonce | ### Fungsi Utilitas | Command | Description | |---------|-------------| | `esc_html($str)` | Escape untuk konteks HTML | | `esc_attr($str)` | Escape untuk konteks atribut | | `esc_url($url)` | Sanitasi URL | | `wp_kses_post($html)` | Izinkan hanya HTML posting yang aman | | `sanitize_text_field($s)` | Hapus tag dan spasi berlebih | | `absint($val)` | Integer absolut | ## Enqueue ### Enqueue Gaya dan Script ``` add_action('wp_enqueue_scripts', function() { wp_enqueue_style('theme-style', get_stylesheet_uri(), [], '1.0'); wp_enqueue_script('theme-js', get_theme_file_uri('/js/app.js'), ['jquery'], '1.0', true); }); ``` ### Fungsi Enqueue | Command | Description | |---------|-------------| | `wp_enqueue_style($h, $src)` | Daftarkan + enqueue CSS | | `wp_enqueue_script($h, $src)` | Daftarkan + enqueue JS | | `wp_localize_script($h, $n, $d)` | Kirim data PHP ke JS | | `wp_dequeue_style($handle)` | Hapus gaya yang di-enqueue | | `wp_dequeue_script($handle)` | Hapus script yang di-enqueue | ### Kirim Data ke JavaScript ``` wp_enqueue_script('my-app', get_theme_file_uri('/js/app.js')); wp_localize_script('my-app', 'myData', [ 'ajaxUrl' => admin_url('admin-ajax.php'), 'nonce' => wp_create_nonce('my_action'), ]); // JS: console.log(myData.ajaxUrl) ``` ## Pola Umum ### Template Halaman Kustom ```
``` ### Handler AJAX ``` add_action('wp_ajax_my_action', 'handle_my_action'); add_action('wp_ajax_nopriv_my_action', 'handle_my_action'); function handle_my_action() { check_ajax_referer('my_action', 'nonce'); wp_send_json_success(['msg' => 'OK']); } ``` ### Shortcode ``` add_shortcode('greeting', function($atts) { $a = shortcode_atts(['name' => 'World'], $atts); return '

Halo, ' . esc_html($a['name']) . '!

'; }); // Penggunaan: [greeting name="Zhi"] ```