REFERENSI CEPAT WORDPRESS
Tema, hook, query, REST API, custom post type
Dasar Tema
File yang Diperlukan
| style.css | Header metadata tema + gaya |
| index.php | Template fallback (wajib) |
| functions.php | Pengaturan tema, hook, enqueue |
| screenshot.png | Pratinjau tema (1200x900) |
Header style.css
/*
Theme Name: My Theme
Theme URI: https://example.com
Version: 1.0
Requires at least: 6.0
*/
Pengaturan functions.php
add_action('after_setup_theme', function() {
add_theme_support('title-tag');
add_theme_support('post-thumbnails');
add_theme_support('html5', ['search-form', 'gallery']);
register_nav_menus(['primary' => 'Main Nav']);
});
Hierarki Template
Template Halaman
| front-page.php | Halaman depan statis |
| home.php | Indeks posting blog |
| single.php | Posting tunggal |
| page.php | Halaman tunggal |
| archive.php | Arsip posting (tanggal, kategori) |
| category.php | Arsip kategori |
| search.php | Hasil pencarian |
| 404.php | Tidak ditemukan |
| index.php | Fallback terakhir |
Bagian Template
get_header(); // header.php
get_footer(); // footer.php
get_sidebar(); // sidebar.php
get_template_part('parts/card'); // parts/card.php
get_template_part('parts/card', 'featured');
Urutan Pencarian (Posting Tunggal)
| 1 | single-{post_type}-{slug}.php |
| 2 | single-{post_type}.php |
| 3 | single.php |
| 4 | singular.php |
| 5 | index.php |
The Loop
Loop Standar
Tag Template
| the_title() | Cetak judul posting |
| the_content() | Cetak konten posting |
| the_excerpt() | Cetak ringkasan posting |
| the_permalink() | Cetak URL posting |
| the_post_thumbnail() | Cetak gambar unggulan |
| the_date() | Cetak tanggal terbit |
| the_author() | Cetak nama penulis |
| the_category() | Cetak tautan kategori |
Getter (Mengembalikan, Bukan Mencetak)
$title = get_the_title();
$url = get_permalink();
$id = get_the_ID();
$thumb = get_the_post_thumbnail_url(null, 'medium');
Custom Post Type
Mendaftarkan CPT
add_action('init', function() {
register_post_type('product', [
'labels' => ['name' => 'Products', 'singular_name' => 'Product'],
'public' => true,
'has_archive' => true,
'supports' => ['title', 'editor', 'thumbnail'],
]);
});
Taksonomi Kustom
register_taxonomy('brand', 'product', [
'labels' => ['name' => 'Brands'],
'hierarchical' => true,
'rewrite' => ['slug' => 'brand'],
]);
Opsi Supports
| title | Kolom judul posting |
| editor | Editor konten |
| thumbnail | Gambar unggulan |
| excerpt | Kolom ringkasan |
| custom-fields | Meta box untuk field kustom |
| page-attributes | Urutan menu, induk |
| revisions | Riwayat revisi |
Hook dan Filter
Action (Lakukan Sesuatu)
// Daftarkan hook
add_action('wp_head', 'my_analytics', 20);
function my_analytics() {
echo '';
}
Filter (Modifikasi Data)
// Ubah panjang ringkasan
add_filter('excerpt_length', fn() => 30);
// Tambahkan teks ke setiap posting
add_filter('the_content', function($c) {
return is_single() ? $c . '
Terima kasih telah membaca!
' : $c;
});
Hook Utama
| init | WP terinisialisasi; daftarkan CPT di sini |
| wp_enqueue_scripts | Enqueue CSS/JS |
| wp_head | Output di |
| wp_footer | Output sebelum |
| save_post | Setelah posting disimpan |
| pre_get_posts | Modifikasi query utama sebelum eksekusi |
| the_content | Filter output konten posting |
| the_title | Filter output judul posting |
WP_Query
Query Kustom
$q = new WP_Query([
'post_type' => 'product',
'posts_per_page' => 10,
'orderby' => 'date',
'order' => 'DESC',
]);
while ($q->have_posts()) : $q->the_post();
the_title('
', '
');
endwhile; wp_reset_postdata();
Parameter Umum
| post_type | post, page, atau tipe kustom |
| posts_per_page | Jumlah hasil (-1 untuk semua) |
| category_name | Filter berdasarkan slug kategori |
| tag | Filter berdasarkan slug tag |
| s | Kata kunci pencarian |
| meta_key / meta_value | Filter berdasarkan field kustom |
| tax_query | Filter taksonomi tingkat lanjut |
| date_query | Filter berdasarkan rentang tanggal |
Modifikasi Query Utama
add_action('pre_get_posts', function($q) {
if (!is_admin() && $q->is_main_query() && is_home()) {
$q->set('posts_per_page', 5);
}
});
REST API
Endpoint Bawaan
| /wp-json/wp/v2/posts | Daftar / buat posting |
| /wp-json/wp/v2/posts/{id} | Ambil / perbarui / hapus posting |
| /wp-json/wp/v2/pages | Endpoint halaman |
| /wp-json/wp/v2/categories | Endpoint kategori |
| /wp-json/wp/v2/media | Perpustakaan media |
| /wp-json/wp/v2/users | Endpoint pengguna |
Endpoint Kustom
add_action('rest_api_init', function() {
register_rest_route('myplugin/v1', '/items', [
'methods' => 'GET',
'callback' => fn($req) => new WP_REST_Response(
get_posts(['post_type' => 'item', 'numberposts' => 20])
),
'permission_callback' => '__return_true',
]);
});
Fetch dari JavaScript
const res = await fetch('/wp-json/wp/v2/posts?per_page=5');
const posts = await res.json();
posts.forEach(p => console.log(p.title.rendered));
Fungsi
Fungsi Posting
| get_posts($args) | Ambil array posting |
| wp_insert_post($arr) | Buat atau perbarui posting |
| wp_delete_post($id) | Pindahkan ke sampah atau hapus posting |
| get_post_meta($id, $key) | Ambil nilai field kustom |
| update_post_meta($id, $k, $v) | Set nilai field kustom |
Pengguna dan Autentikasi
| wp_get_current_user() | Pengguna yang sedang login |
| is_user_logged_in() | Periksa status login |
| current_user_can($cap) | Periksa kemampuan |
| wp_create_nonce($action) | Buat nonce keamanan |
| wp_verify_nonce($nonce, $a) | Verifikasi nonce |
Fungsi Utilitas
| esc_html($str) | Escape untuk konteks HTML |
| esc_attr($str) | Escape untuk konteks atribut |
| esc_url($url) | Sanitasi URL |
| wp_kses_post($html) | Izinkan hanya HTML posting yang aman |
| sanitize_text_field($s) | Hapus tag dan spasi berlebih |
| absint($val) | Integer absolut |
Enqueue
Enqueue Gaya dan Script
add_action('wp_enqueue_scripts', function() {
wp_enqueue_style('theme-style', get_stylesheet_uri(), [], '1.0');
wp_enqueue_script('theme-js', get_theme_file_uri('/js/app.js'),
['jquery'], '1.0', true);
});
Fungsi Enqueue
| wp_enqueue_style($h, $src) | Daftarkan + enqueue CSS |
| wp_enqueue_script($h, $src) | Daftarkan + enqueue JS |
| wp_localize_script($h, $n, $d) | Kirim data PHP ke JS |
| wp_dequeue_style($handle) | Hapus gaya yang di-enqueue |
| wp_dequeue_script($handle) | Hapus script yang di-enqueue |
Kirim Data ke JavaScript
wp_enqueue_script('my-app', get_theme_file_uri('/js/app.js'));
wp_localize_script('my-app', 'myData', [
'ajaxUrl' => admin_url('admin-ajax.php'),
'nonce' => wp_create_nonce('my_action'),
]);
// JS: console.log(myData.ajaxUrl)
Pola Umum
Template Halaman Kustom
Handler AJAX
add_action('wp_ajax_my_action', 'handle_my_action');
add_action('wp_ajax_nopriv_my_action', 'handle_my_action');
function handle_my_action() {
check_ajax_referer('my_action', 'nonce');
wp_send_json_success(['msg' => 'OK']);
}
Shortcode
add_shortcode('greeting', function($atts) {
$a = shortcode_atts(['name' => 'World'], $atts);
return '
Halo, ' . esc_html($a['name']) . '!
';
});
// Penggunaan: [greeting name="Zhi"]