Setup

Instalasi

pip install selenium webdriver-manager
# webdriver-manager auto-downloads browser drivers

Setup Driver Dasar

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager
driver = webdriver.Chrome(
    service=Service(ChromeDriverManager().install()))

Mode Headless

options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument("--headless=new")
options.add_argument("--no-sandbox")
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)

Browser yang Didukung

webdriver.Chrome()	Google Chrome / Chromium
webdriver.Firefox()	Mozilla Firefox (GeckoDriver)
webdriver.Edge()	Microsoft Edge (Chromium)
webdriver.Safari()	Apple Safari (hanya macOS)

Browser & Navigasi

Navigasi

driver.get("https://example.com")
driver.back()                  # browser back
driver.forward()               # browser forward
driver.refresh()               # reload page

Properti Browser

driver.title	Judul halaman saat ini
driver.current_url	URL halaman saat ini
driver.page_source	Sumber HTML halaman lengkap
driver.get_cookies()	Daftar semua cookie

Manajemen Window

driver.set_window_size(1920, 1080)
driver.maximize_window()
driver.minimize_window()
driver.quit()                  # close all windows, end session

Menemukan Elemen

Strategi Locator

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
driver.find_element(By.ID, "login-btn")
driver.find_element(By.CLASS_NAME, "nav-item")
driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "div.card > h2")
driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//input[@name='q']")

Strategi By

By.ID	Cocokkan atribut id elemen
By.NAME	Cocokkan atribut name elemen
By.CLASS_NAME	Cocokkan class CSS (satu class)
By.TAG_NAME	Cocokkan nama tag HTML
By.CSS_SELECTOR	CSS selector (paling fleksibel)
By.XPATH	Ekspresi XPath
By.LINK_TEXT	Teks anchor persis
By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT	Pencocokan sebagian teks anchor

Temukan Beberapa Elemen

items = driver.find_elements(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "li.item")
for item in items:
    print(item.text)
# Returns empty list if none found (no exception)

Berinteraksi

Klik & Ketik

elem = driver.find_element(By.ID, "search")
elem.clear()                   # clear existing text
elem.send_keys("selenium python")
elem.submit()                  # submit parent form

Dropdown

from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select
select = Select(driver.find_element(By.ID, "country"))
select.select_by_visible_text("Canada")
select.select_by_value("ca")
select.select_by_index(2)

Properti Elemen

.text	Konten teks yang terlihat
.get_attribute('href')	Nilai atribut HTML
.is_displayed()	True jika elemen terlihat
.is_enabled()	True jika elemen interaktif
.is_selected()	True jika checkbox/radio dipilih
.tag_name	Tag HTML (mis. 'input', 'div')
.value_of_css_property('color')	Nilai properti CSS yang dihitung

Wait

Explicit Wait

from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
elem = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
    EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, "result")))

Expected Conditions

presence_of_element_located	Elemen ada di DOM
visibility_of_element_located	Elemen terlihat di halaman
element_to_be_clickable	Elemen terlihat dan aktif
text_to_be_present_in_element	Elemen memuat teks yang diharapkan
alert_is_present	Alert JavaScript sedang tampil
staleness_of	Elemen tidak lagi ada di DOM
title_contains	Judul halaman memuat teks

Implicit Wait

driver.implicitly_wait(10)  # seconds, applies globally
# Explicit waits are preferred — more precise control

Frame & Window

Frame

driver.switch_to.frame("frame-name")    # by name/id
driver.switch_to.frame(0)                # by index
driver.switch_to.frame(elem)             # by element
driver.switch_to.default_content()       # back to main

Window & Tab

original = driver.current_window_handle
driver.switch_to.new_window("tab")       # open new tab
driver.switch_to.window(original)        # switch back
driver.close()                           # close current tab

Alert

alert = driver.switch_to.alert
print(alert.text)
alert.accept()     # click OK
alert.dismiss()    # click Cancel
alert.send_keys("input text")

Screenshot

Ambil Screenshot

driver.save_screenshot("page.png")       # full page
elem = driver.find_element(By.ID, "chart")
elem.screenshot("chart.png")             # single element

Screenshot sebagai Base64

b64 = driver.get_screenshot_as_base64()
png = driver.get_screenshot_as_png()     # bytes

Actions

Action Chains

from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
actions = ActionChains(driver)
actions.move_to_element(menu).click().perform()

Aksi Keyboard

from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
elem.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
elem.send_keys(Keys.CONTROL, "a")       # select all
actions.key_down(Keys.SHIFT).click(elem).perform()

Aksi Mouse

.click(elem)	Klik elemen
.double_click(elem)	Klik ganda elemen
.context_click(elem)	Klik kanan elemen
.move_to_element(elem)	Arahkan kursor ke elemen
.drag_and_drop(src, dst)	Seret dari sumber ke tujuan
.click_and_hold(elem)	Tekan dan tahan tombol mouse
.release()	Lepas tombol mouse

Assertions

Assertions Umum (pytest)

assert "Dashboard" in driver.title
assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "msg").text == "Done"
assert driver.current_url.endswith("/home")
assert len(driver.find_elements(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "tr")) > 0

Assertions Berbasis Wait

WebDriverWait(driver, 5).until(              # appears
    EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.ID, "success")))
WebDriverWait(driver, 5).until(              # disappears
    EC.invisibility_of_element_located((By.ID, "spinner")))

Eksekusi JavaScript

result = driver.execute_script("return document.title")
driver.execute_script(
    "arguments[0].scrollIntoView(true);", elem)

Pola Umum

Pola Page Object

class LoginPage:
    URL = "/login"
    user_loc = (By.ID, "username")
    def login(self, drv, user, pwd):
        drv.find_element(*self.user_loc).send_keys(user)

Context Manager

from selenium import webdriver
with webdriver.Chrome() as driver:
    driver.get("https://example.com")
    print(driver.title)
# driver.quit() called automatically

Retry & Cleanup

try:
    driver.get("https://example.com")
    WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
        EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, "btn")))
finally: driver.quit()

REFERENSI CEPAT SELENIUM WEBDRIVER