Artisan

Perintah Umum

php artisan serve	Mulai server pengembangan
php artisan make:model Name -m	Buat model dengan migration
php artisan make:controller NameController	Buat class controller
php artisan make:middleware Name	Buat class middleware
php artisan migrate	Jalankan migration yang tertunda
php artisan migrate:rollback	Rollback batch migration terakhir
php artisan db:seed	Jalankan database seeder
php artisan tinker	REPL interaktif untuk app
php artisan route:list	Daftar semua route yang terdaftar
php artisan cache:clear	Bersihkan cache aplikasi
php artisan config:clear	Bersihkan config yang di-cache
php artisan queue:work	Mulai memproses job antrian

Routing

Route Dasar

Route::get('/users', [UserController::class, 'index']);
Route::post('/users', [UserController::class, 'store']);
Route::put('/users/{id}', [UserController::class, 'update']);
Route::delete('/users/{id}', [UserController::class, 'destroy']);

Parameter Route & Grup

Route::get('/user/{id}', function (int $id) {
    return User::findOrFail($id);
});

Route::prefix('api')->middleware('auth')->group(function () {
    Route::get('/profile', [ProfileController::class, 'show']);
});

Fitur Route

->name('route.name')	Route bernama untuk pembuatan URL
->where('id', '[0-9]+')	Constraint regex pada parameter
Route::resource()	Route resource RESTful (7 route)
Route::apiResource()	Resource API (tanpa view create/edit)
Route::fallback()	Catch-all untuk route yang tidak cocok

Controller

Resource Controller

class PostController extends Controller {
    public function index() {
        return view('posts.index', ['posts' => Post::all()]);
    }

    public function store(Request $request) {
        $validated = $request->validate(['title' => 'required|max:255']);
        Post::create($validated);
        return redirect()->route('posts.index');
    }
}

Method Resource

index()	GET /resource -- daftar semua
create()	GET /resource/create -- tampilkan form
store()	POST /resource -- simpan baru
show($id)	GET /resource/{id} -- tampilkan satu
edit($id)	GET /resource/{id}/edit -- form edit
update($id)	PUT /resource/{id} -- perbarui
destroy($id)	DELETE /resource/{id} -- hapus

Template Blade

Layout & Section

{{-- layouts/app.blade.php --}}

  @yield('content')


{{-- pages/home.blade.php --}}
@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
  Home
@endsection

Directive

{{ $var }}	Echo dengan HTML escaping
{!! $html !!}	Echo raw (tanpa escaping)
@if / @elseif / @else	Blok kondisional
@foreach ($items as $item)	Loop melalui collection
@forelse / @empty	Loop dengan fallback kosong
@include('partial')	Sertakan Blade view lain
@component / @slot	Komponen Blade yang dapat digunakan kembali
@csrf	Hidden field token CSRF
@auth / @guest	Periksa status autentikasi
@error('field')	Tampilkan error validasi

Eloquent ORM

Dasar Model

class Post extends Model {
    protected $fillable = ['title', 'body', 'user_id'];

    public function user() {
        return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
    }
}

Querying

Post::all();                          // all records
Post::find(1);                        // by primary key
Post::where('status', 'published')->get();
Post::where('views', '>', 100)->orderBy('created_at', 'desc')->first();

Operasi CRUD

$post = Post::create(['title' => 'New', 'body' => '...']);
$post->update(['title' => 'Updated']);
$post->delete();
Post::destroy([1, 2, 3]);   // delete by IDs

Relasi

hasOne	Satu-ke-satu (User -> Phone)
hasMany	Satu-ke-banyak (Post -> Comments)
belongsTo	Kebalikan dari hasOne/hasMany
belongsToMany	Banyak-ke-banyak dengan tabel pivot
hasManyThrough	Has-many via model perantara

Migration

Membuat Tabel

Schema::create('posts', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->id();
    $table->foreignId('user_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete();
    $table->string('title');
    $table->text('body')->nullable();
    $table->timestamps();
});

Tipe Kolom

$table->id()	Primary key BIGINT auto-increment
$table->string('col', 100)	VARCHAR dengan panjang opsional
$table->text('col')	Kolom TEXT
$table->integer('col')	Kolom INTEGER
$table->boolean('col')	Kolom BOOLEAN
$table->json('col')	Kolom JSON
$table->timestamp('col')	Kolom TIMESTAMP
$table->timestamps()	created_at dan updated_at
$table->softDeletes()	deleted_at untuk soft delete

Middleware

Custom Middleware

class EnsureAdmin {
    public function handle(Request $request, Closure $next) {
        if (! $request->user()?->is_admin) {
            abort(403);
        }
        return $next($request);
    }
}

Mendaftarkan & Menggunakan

// bootstrap/app.php
->withMiddleware(function (Middleware $middleware) {
    $middleware->alias(['admin' => EnsureAdmin::class]);
})

// In routes
Route::get('/admin', fn() => '...')->middleware('admin');

Middleware Bawaan

auth	Wajibkan autentikasi
guest	Redirect jika sudah terautentikasi
throttle:60,1	Batasi rate (60 req/menit)
verified	Wajibkan verifikasi email
signed	Validasi URL bertanda tangan

Autentikasi

Helper Auth

Auth::check();           // is user logged in?
Auth::user();            // current User model
Auth::id();              // current user ID
Auth::attempt(['email' => $e, 'password' => $p]);
Auth::logout();

Starter Kit

Laravel Breeze	Scaffolding auth minimal (Blade atau Inertia)
Laravel Jetstream	Fitur lengkap (tim, 2FA, API token)
Sanctum	Autentikasi token API SPA / mobile
Passport	Implementasi server OAuth2 penuh

Melindungi Route

Route::middleware('auth')->group(function () {
    Route::get('/dashboard', [DashController::class, 'index']);
});

Validasi

Validasi Controller

$validated = $request->validate([
    'title' => 'required|string|max:255',
    'email' => 'required|email|unique:users',
    'age'   => 'nullable|integer|min:0',
]);

Form Request

class StorePostRequest extends FormRequest {
    public function rules(): array {
        return [
            'title' => 'required|max:255',
            'body'  => 'required|min:10',
        ];
    }
}

Aturan Umum

required	Field harus ada dan tidak kosong
string \| integer \| boolean	Validasi tipe
min:N \| max:N	Panjang atau nilai min/maks
email	Format email yang valid
unique:table,column	Harus unik di tabel DB
exists:table,column	Harus ada di tabel DB
in:a,b,c	Harus salah satu dari nilai yang terdaftar
confirmed	Membutuhkan field _confirmation yang cocok
date \| after:date	Validasi tanggal

Pola Umum

Respons API

return response()->json(['data' => $users], 200);
return response()->json(['error' => 'Not found'], 404);

Environment & Config

env('APP_KEY');              // read .env value
config('app.name');          // read config value
config(['app.debug' => true]); // set at runtime

Helper Berguna

route('name', $params)	Hasilkan URL untuk route bernama
redirect()->route('name')	Redirect ke route bernama
back()->withErrors()	Redirect kembali dengan error validasi
abort(404)	Lempar HTTP exception
collect($array)	Buat Collection dari array
now()	DateTime Carbon saat ini
cache()->remember()	Cache nilai dengan TTL

REFERENSI CEPAT LARAVEL

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