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## Selector CSS
### Selector Dasar
| Command | Description |
|---------|-------------|
| `element` | `p { }` — semua elemen |
| `.class` | `.card { }` — selector class |
| `#id` | `#main { }` — selector id |
| `*` | Selector universal (semua elemen) |
### Kombinator
| Command | Description |
|---------|-------------|
| `A B` | Keturunan (B di dalam A) |
| `A > B` | Anak langsung saja |
| `A + B` | Sibling bersebelahan (B tepat setelah A) |
| `A ~ B` | Sibling umum (B setelah A) |
### Pseudo-class
| Command | Description |
|---------|-------------|
| `:hover` | Mouse di atas elemen |
| `:focus` | Elemen mendapat fokus |
| `:first-child` | Anak pertama dari parent |
| `:nth-child(n)` | Anak ke-n (2n = genap, odd = ganjil) |
## Box Model
```
.box {
margin: 10px; /* outside */
border: 1px solid #333; /* edge */
padding: 15px; /* inside */
width: 200px;
box-sizing: border-box; /* include pad+border */
}
```
### Shorthand
| Command | Description |
|---------|-------------|
| `margin: 10px` | Semua sisi |
| `margin: 10px 20px` | Atas/bawah \| kiri/kanan |
| `margin: 10px 20px 15px` | Atas \| kiri/kanan \| bawah |
| `margin: 10px 20px 15px 5px` | Atas \| kanan \| bawah \| kiri |
## Flexbox
### Container
```
.flex-container {
display: flex;
flex-direction: row; /* row | column */
justify-content: center; /* main axis */
align-items: center; /* cross axis */
gap: 10px;
flex-wrap: wrap;
}
```
### Properti Item
| Command | Description |
|---------|-------------|
| `flex: 1` | Tumbuh mengisi ruang yang tersedia |
| `flex-grow: 2` | Rasio pertumbuhan relatif terhadap sibling |
| `flex-shrink: 0` | Jangan menyusut di bawah basis |
| `flex-basis: 200px` | Ukuran awal sebelum tumbuh/menyusut |
| `align-self: flex-end` | Override perataan container |
| `order: -1` | Urutan visual (default 0) |
## Grid
### Container
```
.grid {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: 1fr 2fr 1fr;
grid-template-rows: auto;
gap: 10px;
}
```
### Penempatan Item
```
.item {
grid-column: 1 / 3; /* span col 1-2 */
grid-row: 1 / 2;
}
/* shorthand: repeat, minmax */
grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
grid-template-columns:
repeat(auto-fit, minmax(200px, 1fr));
```
## Positioning
| Command | Description |
|---------|-------------|
| `static` | Alur default (tanpa properti offset) |
| `relative` | Offset dari posisi normal |
| `absolute` | Offset dari ancestor ter-position terdekat |
| `fixed` | Offset dari viewport (tetap saat scroll) |
| `sticky` | Relative hingga ambang scroll, lalu fixed |
### Contoh
```
.parent { position: relative; }
.child {
position: absolute;
top: 0; right: 0; /* top-right corner */
}
```
## Media Query
```
/* Mobile-first: base styles for small screens */
.container { padding: 10px; }
@media (min-width: 768px) {
.container { max-width: 720px; }
}
@media (min-width: 1024px) {
.container { max-width: 960px; }
}
```
### Breakpoint Umum
| Command | Description |
|---------|-------------|
| `480px` | Ponsel kecil |
| `768px` | Tablet |
| `1024px` | Desktop kecil / tablet landscape |
| `1280px` | Desktop |
```
### List
```