# Referensi Cepat GitLab CI/CD

*Pipeline, job, stage, variabel, artifact, environment*

> Source: GitLab Documentation (docs.gitlab.com) · MIT

## Dasar Pipeline

### Cara Kerja Pipeline

| Command | Description |
|---------|-------------|
| `Pipeline` | Container level atas; satu per commit/trigger |
| `Stage` | Kelompok job yang berjalan secara paralel |
| `Job` | Tugas tunggal (script) dalam sebuah stage |
| `Runner` | Agen yang menjalankan job |

### Memicu Pipeline

| Command | Description |
|---------|-------------|
| `Push ke branch` | Otomatis (default) |
| `Merge request` | Via workflow:rules atau only: merge_requests |
| `Jadwal` | CI/CD → Schedules di pengaturan proyek |
| `API` | POST /projects/:id/trigger/pipeline |
| `Manual` | Tombol Run Pipeline di menu CI/CD |

## .gitlab-ci.yml

### Konfigurasi Minimal

```
stages: [build, test, deploy]
build-job:
  stage: build
  script: echo "Compiling..."
```

### Kata Kunci Global

| Command | Description |
|---------|-------------|
| `stages` | Definisikan urutan stage |
| `default` | Nilai default untuk semua job |
| `variables` | Variabel CI/CD global |
| `workflow` | Kontrol kapan pipeline dibuat |
| `include` | Impor file YAML eksternal |

### Include Template

```
include:
  - template: Auto-DevOps.gitlab-ci.yml
  - local: .ci/lint.yml
  - project: 'group/shared-ci'
    file: '/templates/deploy.yml'
```

## Job

### Definisi Job

```
test-unit:
  stage: test
  image: node:20
  script:
    - npm ci
    - npm test
```

### Kata Kunci Job

| Command | Description |
|---------|-------------|
| `script` | Perintah shell yang dijalankan (wajib) |
| `before_script` | Perintah sebelum script utama |
| `after_script` | Perintah setelahnya (bahkan jika gagal) |
| `image` | Image Docker untuk job |
| `rules` | Kondisi penyertaan job |
| `needs` | Dependensi DAG (lewati urutan stage) |
| `allow_failure` | Pipeline berlanjut meski job gagal |
| `retry` | Jumlah retry otomatis (0-2) |
| `timeout` | Durasi job maksimum |

### Rules

```
deploy:
  rules:
    - if: '$CI_COMMIT_BRANCH == "main"'
      when: manual
    - if: '$CI_PIPELINE_SOURCE == "merge_request_event"'
      when: never
    - when: on_success
```

## Stage

### Urutan Stage

```
stages:
  - lint
  - build
  - test
  - deploy
```

### Stage Default

| Command | Description |
|---------|-------------|
| `.pre` | Selalu berjalan pertama |
| `build` | Stage default ke-1 |
| `test` | Stage default ke-2 |
| `deploy` | Stage default ke-3 |
| `.post` | Selalu berjalan terakhir |

### DAG dengan needs

```
test-api:
  stage: test
  needs: ["build-api"]    # skip waiting for full stage
test-web:
  stage: test
  needs: ["build-web"]    # runs as soon as build-web done
```

## Variabel

### Mendefinisikan Variabel

```
variables:
  NODE_ENV: "production"
  DB_HOST: "postgres"
job:
  variables:
    NODE_ENV: "test"      # job-level override
```

### Variabel Bawaan

| Command | Description |
|---------|-------------|
| `CI_COMMIT_SHA` | Hash commit lengkap |
| `CI_COMMIT_BRANCH` | Nama branch |
| `CI_COMMIT_TAG` | Nama tag (jika pipeline tag) |
| `CI_PIPELINE_ID` | ID pipeline unik |
| `CI_PROJECT_DIR` | Path checkout repo |
| `CI_MERGE_REQUEST_IID` | Nomor MR (hanya pipeline MR) |
| `CI_REGISTRY_IMAGE` | Path image container registry |

### Protected & Masked

| Command | Description |
|---------|-------------|
| `Protected` | Hanya tersedia di branch/tag yang dilindungi |
| `Masked` | Disembunyikan di log job |
| `File` | Ditulis ke file sementara; path ada di variabel |

## Artifact

### Menyimpan Artifact

```
build:
  script: npm run build
  artifacts:
    paths: [dist/]
    expire_in: 1 week
```

### Tipe Artifact

| Command | Description |
|---------|-------------|
| `paths` | File/direktori yang disimpan |
| `exclude` | Pola yang dilewati |
| `expire_in` | Hapus otomatis setelah durasi |
| `reports:junit` | XML JUnit untuk ringkasan test MR |
| `reports:coverage_report` | Visualisasi coverage Cobertura |

### Laporan JUnit

```
test:
  script: pytest --junitxml=report.xml
  artifacts:
    reports:
      junit: report.xml
```

## Cache

### Cache Dependensi

```
test:
  cache:
    key: ${CI_COMMIT_REF_SLUG}
    paths: [node_modules/]
  script: npm ci && npm test
```

### Cache vs Artifact

| Command | Description |
|---------|-------------|
| `Cache` | Percepat job; tidak dijamin; gunakan ulang dengan key yang sama |
| `Artifact` | Teruskan file antar job/stage; dijamin |

### Kebijakan Cache

| Command | Description |
|---------|-------------|
| `pull-push` | Unduh + unggah (default) |
| `pull` | Unduh saja (lebih cepat untuk konsumer) |
| `push` | Unggah saja (untuk produsen) |

## Environment

### Mendefinisikan Environment

```
deploy-staging:
  stage: deploy
  environment:
    name: staging
    url: https://staging.example.com
  script: ./deploy.sh staging
```

### Fitur Environment

| Command | Description |
|---------|-------------|
| `name` | Nama environment (ditampilkan di UI) |
| `url` | Link ke app yang di-deploy |
| `on_stop` | Job yang dijalankan saat environment dihentikan |
| `auto_stop_in` | Hentikan otomatis setelah durasi |
| `action: stop` | Tandai job sebagai aksi stop |

### Review App

```
review:
  environment:
    name: review/$CI_COMMIT_REF_SLUG
    url: https://$CI_COMMIT_REF_SLUG.example.com
    on_stop: stop-review
    auto_stop_in: 1 week
```

## Docker

### Build & Push Image

```
build-image:
  image: docker:24
  services: [docker:24-dind]
  script:
    - docker login -u $CI_REGISTRY_USER -p $CI_REGISTRY_PASSWORD $CI_REGISTRY
    - docker build -t $CI_REGISTRY_IMAGE:$CI_COMMIT_SHA .
    - docker push $CI_REGISTRY_IMAGE:$CI_COMMIT_SHA
```

### Service (Sidecar Container)

```
test:
  image: python:3.12
  services:
    - postgres:16
    - redis:7
  variables:
    POSTGRES_DB: testdb
    POSTGRES_PASSWORD: secret
```

### Docker-in-Docker

| Command | Description |
|---------|-------------|
| `docker:24-dind` | Image service DinD |
| `DOCKER_TLS_CERTDIR` | Set ke '/certs' atau '' untuk konfigurasi TLS |
| `DOCKER_HOST` | tcp://docker:2376 (TLS) atau :2375 |

## Pola Umum

### Monorepo (changes)

```
test-api:
  rules:
    - changes: [api/**/*]
test-web:
  rules:
    - changes: [web/**/*]
```

### Gerbang Deploy Manual

```
deploy-prod:
  stage: deploy
  when: manual
  rules:
    - if: '$CI_COMMIT_BRANCH == "main"'
```

### Matrix Paralel

```
test:
  parallel:
    matrix:
      - PYTHON: ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12"]
        DB: ["postgres", "sqlite"]
  script: tox -e py${PYTHON}-${DB}
```